Systems

Every design is a system before it's an object. A building is structure plus services plus circulation plus envelope; a vehicle is load-path plus drivetrain plus user; a masterplan is mobility plus programme plus public realm. Concept work that ignores the layers ends up as decoration.

I draw to understand how things work — and to make the working visible. These are cutaways, exploded views, and annotated axonometrics: supply arm, distribution core, service spine, robotic undercarriage. The labels are an architect's way of arguing the design before the building exists.